Описание
Eastern Alps
The Eastern Alps stretch from Switzerland, where is the Piz Bernina (4,049 feet) the highest peak, and through all of Vorarlberg, Austria up to the Burgenland, the Italian Alpine province of the province of Sondrio, on the Trentino and South Tyrol and in Friuli, throughout the mountainous areas of Slovenia and Germany as well as on the territory of Liechtenstein.
The northern Alps are divided into subalpine Molasse, Flysch Zone, Northern Limestone Alps, and Schieferalpen Greywacke. North of the Bavarian and Austrian Alps to close. Dominating is the contrast between the rounded shapes of the sandstone on the steep walls of the Alps.
The Central Alps are rich in springs, streams and cirque lakes in the west, there are several glaciers. They consist of granite, gneiss and mica schist, and therefore form a mountain long span arch with predominantly rounded forms.
In the Southern Alps Southern Limestone Alps are the main part, with jagged pinnacles, towers and poles. The plateau is deeply dissected Bolzano porphyry in the north than in the crystalline Sarentine Alps. In the south, only a narrow alpine zone extends, and forms the southern foothills of the transition to Po Valley.
The Western Alps are part of the Alps, which lies west of the line Bodensee - Rhein - Splügenpass - Lake Como. Close to the north of the Gulf of Genoa to the Apennines, and include a wide arc to the west of the Po valley.
The following countries will participate in the Western Alps:
France, the highest mountain is 4810 m high Mont Blanc, Italy, the highest mountain is Mont Blanc de Courmayeur, with 4748 m, a subsidiary peak of Mont Blanc and Switzerland's highest mountain with 4634 m is the Dufour Peak in the Monte Rosa massif of Valais Alps.
The Western Alps are higher than the eastern Alps, their central chain is shorter and strongly curved. The Western Alps show a series of four thousand meter peaks, here are the highest passes of the Alps, including the Col de l'Iseran in Savoy, with 2770 m the highest Alpine pass. The highest mountain in the Western Alps is 4810 m high Mont Blanc.
Flora
Typical species of mammals are among other chamois, alpine ibex, marmots and snow mouse, among birds, Alpine Chough, Raven, Ring Ouzel, snow finch, golden eagle, ptarmigan, and nutcrackers are mentioned. In the Slovenian Alps and Adamello in Trentino, Italy, there are still brown bears. Since the 1990s, there is due to immigration from Slovenia and targeted reintroductions again a small population of these predators in the Austrian Alps. Most of them live in the area of the Park Ötscher Tormaeuer. Wolves were exterminated in the Alps in 1900, but returned around 1990 coming from the Apennines her back. Today, about 100 wolves living in the Italian and French Western Alps. The golden eagle is indeed widely distributed in the northern hemisphere, in Central Europe it is restricted to the Alps and Carpathians. Several large animals have been exterminated by humans, including lynx, bearded and griffon vultures are beginning to apply safeguards, and reintroduction projects are now established again. In some vertebrates, is a seasonal dimorphism observed: a dark summer-hair or is in winter plumage with a white Tarntracht replaced (compare:) arctic hare, ptarmigan. Among the amphibians of the black-colored alpine salamander a special adaptation to the alpine habitats has developed. As the only central European amphibian of the Alpine salamander is viviparous. The development of the larvae in the uterus of the female lasts, depending on the altitude level two to three years. Thus the species is independent of surface waters to complete in which the larvae of other amphibian species, their development. The Alpine salamander occurs at altitudes of up to 2,800 meters (Austria).
